Trends Explorer - GESDA Science Breakthrough Radar

1Quantum Revolution & Advanced AI

1.1Advanced AI

1.1.1Deeper Machine Learning

1.1.2Multimodal AI

1.1.3 Intelligent devices

1.1.4Alternative AI

1.2Quantum Revolution

1.2.1Quantum Communication

1.2.2Quantum Computing

1.2.3Quantum Sensing and Imaging

1.2.4Quantum Foundations

1.3Unconventional Computing

1.3.1Neuromorphic Computing

1.3.2Organoid Intelligence

1.3.3Cellular Computing

1.3.4Optical Computing

1.4Augmented Reality

1.4.1Augmented reality hardware

1.4.2Augmented experiences

1.4.3AR platforms

1.4.4Human factors of AR

1.5Collective Intelligence

1.5.1Large-scale collaboration

1.5.2Smarter teams

1.5.3Collective cognition

1.5.4Human-computer interaction

2Human Augmentation

2.1Cognitive Enhancement

2.1.1Fundamentals of cognition

2.1.2Brain monitoring

2.1.3Neuromodulation systems

2.1.4Exogenous cognition

2.2Human Applications of Genetic Engineering

2.2.1Diagnostics

2.2.2Next generation editors and delivery

2.2.3Engineered organism and AI-based tools

2.2.4Alternatives to direct gene editing

2.3Healthspan Extension

2.3.1Fundamental Geroscience

2.3.2Diagnostics, hallmarks and biomarkers

2.3.3Healthspan therapies and interventions

2.3.4Lifespan extension and rejuvenation

2.4Consciousness Augmentation

2.4.1Consciousness assessment

2.4.2Cognitive capacity enhancement

2.4.3Consciousness-augmenting interventions

2.4.4Beyond-human consciousness

2.5Organoids

2.5.1Foundational research

2.5.2Hybrid organoids

2.5.3Translation and personalised organoids

2.5.4Enabling technologies

2.6Future Therapeutics

2.6.1Electrical therapies

2.6.2Data-led therapies

2.6.3Cell, gene, biomimetic and nucleic acid therapies

2.6.4Immunome-based therapies

3Eco-Regeneration & Geoengineering

3.1Decarbonisation

3.1.1Negative emissions technologies

3.1.2Renewable energy

3.1.3Hard-to-abate emissions

3.1.4Energy Demand

3.2Earth Systems Modelling

3.2.1Modelling of feedbacks in the Earth system

3.2.2Tipping element modelling and forecasting

3.2.3Interactions between earth systems

3.2.4Model intercomparison

3.3Future Food Systems

3.3.1Ecosystem-level Genetic Modification

3.3.2Alternative Proteins

3.3.3Resilient Farming

3.3.4Personalised Nutrition

3.4Space Resources

3.4.1Earth Orbit

3.4.2The Moon

3.4.3Asteroid Belt

3.5Ocean Stewardship

3.5.1Harnessing Ocean Biodiversity

3.5.2Transition Ecosystems

3.5.3Repairing the Ocean

3.5.4Improved Ocean Observation

3.6Solar Radiation Modification

3.6.1Stratospheric aerosol injection

3.6.2Cloud engineering

3.6.3Terrestrial solar radiation modification

3.6.4Space-based solar radiation modification

3.7Infectious Diseases

3.7.1Pathogen biology

3.7.2Zoonotic disease

3.7.3Vector control

3.7.4Outbreak prevention

4Science & Diplomacy

4.1Science-based Diplomacy

4.1.1Computational Diplomacy

4.1.2Negotiation Engineering

4.1.3Predictive Peacekeeping

4.1.4Trust and Co-operation Modelling

4.2Advances in Science Diplomacy

4.2.1Science diplomacy for effective multilateralism

4.2.2Technology Diplomacy and the role of non-state actors

4.2.3Science Diplomacy and emerging economies

4.2.4Science diplomacy as a response to conflict- and inequality-driven tensions

4.3Foresight, Prediction and Futures Literacy

4.3.1Superforecasting and prediction markets

4.3.2 Modelling and simulation

4.3.3Scenarios and foresight

4.3.4Participatory futures and futures literacy

4.4Democracy-Affirming Technologies

4.4.1Verification technologies

4.4.2Digital identity and trust

4.4.3Privatisation of governance

4.4.4Censorship circumvention and content moderation

5Knowledge Foundations

5.1Complex Systems Science

5.1.1Computational Social Science

5.1.2Digital Democracy

5.1.3Collaborative behaviour

5.1.4Design for Values

5.2Future of Education

5.2.1Learning Analytics

5.2.2Educational Sensing

5.2.3Out-of-school Learning

5.2.4Neuroscientific Aspects of Learning

5.3Future Economics, Trade and Globalisation

5.3.1Managing Climate Externalities

5.3.2Automation and Work

5.3.3Bootstrapping Circular Economies

5.3.4Sustainable Global Trade

5.4The Science of the Origins of Life

5.4.1Prebiotic chemistry

5.4.2Systems biology

5.4.3The geological record

5.4.4Exobiology

5.5Synthetic Biology

5.5.1Synthetic biomolecules

5.5.2Synthetic cells

5.5.3Synthetic tissues

5.5.4Synthetic multicellular organisms