Quantum theory is still a rapidly evolving field, and academic researchers are investigating a number of speculative ideas that could result in profound and useful discoveries. For example, there is increasing interest in the idea that quantum effects are at work in living organisms and play important roles in their functioning.13 It may be, for instance, that quantum effects are at work in plant photosynthesis, birds' navigational abilities, and anaesthetics and cognition. This emerging field of “quantum biology” offers the possibility of improved photovoltaics, medications for cognitive health, navigation tools and chemical sensors. It could also benefit investigations in basic science, such as efforts to understand consciousness and the chemical building blocks needed for life to develop.14
Finally, the famous Heisenberg uncertainty principle has led researchers to suggest re-workings of the concepts of time’s flow, the nature of information and the kinds of work that can be carried out by machines. If these ideas persist, they may lead to entirely new technological possibilities operating at the quantum scale.15
