Knowledge Foundations
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Knowledge Foundations

5

Scientific Platform

Knowledge Foundations

Containing deep insights into anticipated advances associated with Knowledge Foundations over the next 5, 10 and 25 years, the GESDA Pulse of Science provides the expert opinions of leading researchers in a diverse set of fields that contribute to foundational knowledge and understanding, including synthetic biology, mathematics, fungal biology and archaeology.
5.1

Emerging Topic

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is a set of emerging technologies enabling the modification and creation of living cells and organisms, and of their building blocks. It promises breakthroughs in fundamental biology and has possible applications in fields ranging from nutrition to engineering.1

5.2

Emerging Topic

Science of the Origins of Life

Living organisms as we know them today are the extremely complex products of a long period of evolutionary change. Understanding the origins of life therefore can teach us a great deal about the possibilities inherent in biology and potential routes towards new medical insights, as well as providing unparalleled perspectives on cosmological history and our own place in the universe.
5.3

Emerging Topic

Mathematics

Unlike any other discipline, mathematics is deeply rooted in almost every human culture. This has been the case for as long as written records have existed. The practices of counting, measuring, arranging, quantifying and comparing objects in the physical world around us is so useful that we begin to teach them to our children at a very young age.

5.4

Emerging Topic

Fungal Biology

Fungi are intricately involved with nearly every organism and ecosystem on Earth. They have changed the course of human civilisation: their yeast makes our bread and beer, their self-defence chemicals underpin important antibiotics1 and now their enzymes promise breakthroughs from greener biofuels and waste-water treatment to potential anti-ageing drugs.
5.5

Emerging Topic

Archaeology

Advances in science and technology are reshaping archaeology in multiple ways, with new techniques significantly enhancing both practice and knowledge. Molecular techniques enable valuable data to be extracted from fragmentary remains and even from sites that lack discernible artefacts. This is shedding new light on past diseases and pathologies, diets and even migrations.