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The approach of building a simplified model to reproduce and understand a complex natural phenomenon – first developed within natural sciences but which has long since expanded to the social and human sciences – will soon be obsolete. The data crunching capacity of increasingly powerful computers now allows us to deal directly with the abundant and complex raw material, without the reductionism and simplification of a modelling phase.\n\nThis is particularly relevant for multilateral diplomacy, where the capacity to curate and exploit the data produced by the multilateral system may have a huge impact on the theory and practice of international relations. It would be a welcome development, since multilateralism is globally stalled, both as a consequence of increased understanding of the complexity and interlinkage of issues, and the fragmentation of the playing field, as a result of the deliberate specialization of international organisations.\n\nAn instructive example of the shortcomings of the current multilateral governance system was provided by its inability to efficiently answer the challenges of COVID-19. First, states practiced “forum shopping”, moving the issue through WHO, WTO and WIPO, with a different balance of power in each institutional setting, different rules of the game, and different perspectives — coming from health, trade and intellectual property — for dealing with the issue. This led to diverging priorities, each rational and optimal within an individual sub-system — and ultimately resulting in an incapacity to act. Second, and less obvious, the control factors — the capacity to produce and distribute vaccines — were not in the hands of states but in those of multinational private companies (in this case, the big pharmaceutical companies).\n\nSimilar remarks could be made about, for example, the way in which control over online communication ultimately resides with big technology companies, and debates over its regulation similarly pass from one forum to another: intellectual protection, broadcasting and censorship, national security. In the traditional conception of international relations, states mediate such interests. However, multinational companies control the very infrastructures of our societies. Even if states were to agree among themselves at the multilateral level, they would not be in a position to impose the agreed arrangement on such powerful corporate actors.\n\nComputational diplomacy may allow us to circumvent such shortcomings. Collecting and curating all the data produced by the multilateral system — texts, agendas, attendance of meetings, implementation processes and actors, and so on — and letting researchers look for patterns and connections between actors and output (or the absence thereof) will help to capture how international relations *really* functions today. It is likely that this will find that the links and interactions between some categories of actors are stronger than those between representatives of the same state in different multilateral fora (for example the US negotiating agenda in ILO and WTO), thus shedding light on hitherto obscure ways in which dialogue is conducted and decisions made. \n\nThis could lead to the creation of genuinely new analytical tools to understand the functioning of multilateral diplomacy: that would amount to a decisive breakthrough in our societies’ capacity to act in a coordinated manner when faced with pressing global challenges such as pandemics, climate change, water management, and so on. \n\nCurrently, computational diplomacy is divided into two schools: model-driven and data-driven. The first uses simple models — which might be “off the shelf” game-theoretic approaches — and relies on computing power to simulate many possible rounds of interactions and thus produce statistical models of the potential outcomes. The second school is currently curating existing data — a substantial task, since these are abundant and stored in widely varying formats — and translating it into formats that allow its exploitation. The first outputs of this effort are promising, hinting at novel information about the actual processes at work in multilateral fora.\n\nA credible five-year ambition for computational diplomacy would be to produce a comprehensive open access database of the multilateral system. By reproducing the multilateral environment through usable data, researchers expect to be able to propose original pathways to collaborative solutions. This should also allow the reunification of model-driven and data-driven computational diplomacy.\n\nIf this is achieved, we might expect that the analytical models of international relations will need to be rethought within 10 years. The difficulty there lies in the interaction between results produced through natural sciences methods (computational sciences) and models developed by social scientists. We have seen this play out in climate, where policy-makers (and their social science trained advisors) have found it difficult to translate IPCC findings into policy decisions. \n\nThis problem is linked to the system of production and circulation of knowledge, which is currently fundamentally divided between the natural sciences on one side, and the human and social sciences on the other. This needs to be overcome by developing educational programmes which simultaneously teach the logic of both the natural and the social sciences in order to be able to exploit the outcomes of the first phase of computational diplomacy.\n\nWhat will happen next is inevitably difficult to predict. But broadly speaking, either a rational decision-making system will emerge, allowing the production and implementation of innovative and efficient solutions to humanity’s major challenges, or the tools of computational diplomacy will be exploited to elevate the cycle of co-operation and confrontation to a new level of sophistication. 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We want to ensure that you get the information, content, and experiences that matter most to you. GESDA is committed to protecting the privacy of its stakeholders, communities, and other contacts.\n\n## Scope\n\nThis privacy policy applies to all personal data processed by full-time and part-time employees, volunteers when acting on behalf of GESDA, contractors and partners doing business on behalf of GESDA, as well as all legal entities, all operating locations in all countries, and all business processes conducted by GESDA.\n\n## Information Collected\n\n#### What information do we collect?\n\nGESDA collects the following personal data in line with the use purposes explained in a subsequent section:\n\n  * Your name and contact details\n  * Online profile data/usage\n  * Contact information\n  * Social media profile information\n  * Education and professional information\n  * Registration and participation in GESDA events and activities - Information about service usage\n  * Cookies\n  * Authentication data\n  * Location information\n  * Author and peer review information\n  * Other information you upload or provide to us\n\n#### How do we use your information?\n\nGESDA uses (and, where specified, shares) your personal information for the following purposes:\n\n  * To provide support or other services. GESDA may use your personal information to provide you with support or other services that you have ordered or requested. GESDA may also use your personal information to respond directly to your requests for information, including registrations for webinars, or other specific requests, or pass your contact information to the appropriate GESDA supplier or reseller for further follow-up related to your interests.\n  * To provide information based on your needs and respond to your requests. GESDA may use your personal information to provide you with notices of new product releases and service developments.\n  * To administer products. GESDA may contact you if you make use of (digital) products we offer, to confirm certain information (for example, that you did not experience problems in a download process). We may also use this information to confirm compliance with licensing and other terms of use and may share it with your company/institution.\n  * To assist in your participation in GESDA activities. GESDA will communicate with you, if you are participating in certain GESDA activities such as the GESDA Summit, authoring or reviewing a GESDA article, or GESDA humanitarian activities. GESDA may send you information such as update messages related to those activities (such as but not limited to the event's content, and event logistics)\n  * To update you on relevant GESDA events and opportunities. GESDA may communicate with you regarding relevant GESDA events and opportunities.\n  * To protect GESDA content and services. We may use your information to prevent potentially illegal activities and to enforce our terms and conditions.\n  * To get feedback or input from you. In order to deliver products and services of most interest to our stakeholders, from time to time, we may ask you to provide us input and feedback (for example through surveys).\n\n#### How can you control your information?\n\nYou can control the information we have about you and how we use as follows:\n\n  * If you are a registered guest for the GESDA Annual Summit 2021, any request for review, revise or correction of your personal data can be sent to summit@global.gesda specifying your request.\n\n#### Personal data about minors and children\n\nGESDA does not knowingly collect data from or about children under 16 without the permission of parent(s)/guardian(s). If we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under 16, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under age 16, please contact us.\n\n#### How will you know if the Privacy Policy is changed?\n\nGESDA may update its Privacy Policy from time to time. If we make any material changes you will be notified by means of a notice on our website prior on the date the change becomes effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.\n\n## Technical And Regulatory Information\n\n#### Logging practices\n\nGESDA automatically records the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of visitors. The IP address is a unique number assigned to every computer on the internet. Generally, an IP address changes each time you connect to the internet (it is a \"dynamic\" address). Note, however, that if you have a broadband connection, depending on your individual circumstance, the IP address that we collect may contain information that could be deemed identifiable. This is because, with some broadband connections, your IP address doesn't change (it is \"static\") and could be associated with your personal computer.\n\nAs well as recording the IP addresses of users, GESDA may also keep track of sites that users visited immediately prior to visiting GESDA's website and the search terms they used to find it. We keep track of the pages visited on GESDA's website, the amount of time spent on those pages and the types of searches done on them. Your searches remain confidential and anonymous. GESDA uses this information only for statistical purposes to find out which pages users find most useful and to improve the website.\nGESDA also captures and stores information that you transmit. This may include:\n\n  * Browser/Device type/version\n  * Operating system used\n  * Media Access Control (MAC) address\n  * Date and time of the server request\n  * Volume of data transferred\n\n#### External links behaviour\n\nSome of the links on GESDA's websites link to other sites created and maintained by other public- and/or private-sector organizations. GESDA provides these links solely for your information and convenience. When you transfer to an outside website, you are leaving the GESDA domain, and GESDA's information management policies no longer apply. GESDA encourages you to read the privacy statement of each external website that you visit before you provide any personal data.\n\n#### Cookies and web beacons\n\nCookies and web beacons are electronic placeholders that are placed on your device by websites to track your individual movements on that website over time. GESDA uses both session-based cookies (which last only for the duration of the user's session) and persistent cookies (which remain on your device and provide information about the session you are in and waits for the next time you use that site again).\n\nThese cookies and web beacons provide useful information to GESDA, enabling us to recognize repeat users, facilitate the user's access to and use of our sites, allows us to track usage behavior, and to balance the usage of our websites on all GESDA web servers.\nTracking cookies, third-party cookies, and other technologies such as web beacons may be used to process additional information, enable non-core functionalities on the GESDA website and enable third-party functions (such as a social media \"share\" link). We may also include web beacons and other similar technology in promotional email messages to determine whether the messages have been opened.\n\n#### Do Not Track (DNT)\n\nThe online advertising industry has self-regulatory initiatives designed to provide consumers a choice in the types of ads they may see online and to conveniently opt-out from online behavioral ads served by some or all of the companies participating in these programs. Our websites do not respond to DNT consumer browser settings.\n\n#### Responses to legal requests\n\nGESDA reserves the right to share your information to respond to duly authorized information requests of governmental authorities or where required by law.\n\n#### Your data rights\n\nGESDA complies with all applicable data privacy laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Under these laws and regulations, you may have certain rights to your data. Should you wish to exercise any of these rights, please send an email request to info@gesda.global with \"Data Privacy Request'' in the subject line and in the email please identify the specific privacy right you request assistance with. Please note additional information may be requested prior to fulfilling a request and that GESDA reserves the right to charge a fee, where permitted, to cover the cost of certain requests.\n\n#### How do I contact you if there is an issue?\nIf you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or about the use of your personal information, please feel free to contact us by email at info@gesda.global\n\n#### Contact Information\nGeneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) c/o Fondation Campus Biotech\nChemin des Mines 9\n1202 Geneva\n+41 58 201 02 61\ninfo@gesda.global\n"},"welcomeUrl":"https://radar.gesda.global/app/welcome","welcomeTitle":"Welcome to GESDA and thanks for joining us! 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As a rational evolution of interstate relations, multilateralism has been developed to reduce transaction costs when a common international regime is needed to bind a large number of states. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1696727457/gesda-23/banner/banner-ic-4-2-multilateral_thumbnail__Banner_-_IC4-2_Multilateral-thumb_sbeaxk.webp","type":"image/webp","thumbnails":{"full":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1696727457/gesda-23/banner/banner-ic-4-2-multilateral_thumbnail__Banner_-_IC4-2_Multilateral-thumb_sbeaxk.webp"}}}},"entityTypeName":"Page","updated":"2026-09-14T03:17:36.73","__type":"Page"}},
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