{
    "componentChunkName": "component---src-gatsby-pdf-topic-pdf-tsx",
    "path": "/pdf/topics/orbital-environment",
    "result": {"data":{"platform":{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","slug":"orbital-environment","name":"Orbital Environment","path":"/topics/orbital-environment","__typename":"Platform_Topic","created":"2021-07-26T04:52:57.00","published":null,"doiId":null,"outlineNumber":"3.4","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86a","path":"/trends/eco-regeneration-geoengineering","slug":"eco-regeneration-geoengineering","name":"Eco-Regeneration & Geoengineering","__typename":"Platform_Trend","outlineNumber":"3","openGraph":{"image":{"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1760333164/gesda-platform/banner/banner-trend-3_image__P3A_2026_abs6ue.webp"}}}},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"}},"description":{"text":"Earth orbit and rocky bodies are also potential human habitats. NASA’s Artemis programme, which will send humans to the Moon potentially as early as 2026, will eventually create a lunar base.[1](/citation/2025-03-3-4-1/) China has similar plans, with the initial phase involving the creation of a scientific facility in the Moon’s south polar region by 2035.[2](/citation/2025-03-3-4-2/)  In the longer term, Mars could also become a human habitat. \n\nWherever humans go, they will need power and the capability to build the things they need using local resources in exotic environments. Near-Earth asteroids offer potentially valuable resources for those able to make use of them. Space-based manufacturing techniques will need to evolve to make full use of these resources. \n\nCloser to home, Earth orbits themselves are another resource. The future of the International Space Station is a topic of much debate and uncertainty. NASA currently plans to begin de-orbiting the station in 2030[3](/citation/2025-03-3-4-3/) but another option is for a commercial operator to build on the station carcass to create a larger, more capable facility. \n\nThe advent of commercial launch services is making access to low Earth orbit cheaper and easier. Companies like Sierra Space, Blue Origin and Axiom Space are developing their own space stations offering facilities for research, manufacturing, drug development and so on. \n\nOne important cargo will be paying visitors. Space tourism is a well-established business, albeit on a limited scale. That looks set to accelerate, with operators such as SpaceX, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin offering paid seats on flights. The future of human space flight is highly dependent on ensuring passenger safety, however. \n\nAll this activity is making orbital real estate an increasingly crowded and valuable resource. So the way the industry maintains safety and deals with accidents will have a crucial impact on growth. \n\nHowever these fields evolve, the orbital environment will need to be protected, perhaps in the same way as other global commons, such as the oceans or Antarctica.[4](/citation/2025-03-3-4-4/) That will require formal global coordination, governance and an appropriate legal framework.\n\nIn the 1960s, the space race was driven by geopolitical tensions and played out as a proxy for war. An important question today is how relations between global superpowers will shape the next generation of space exploration, given that the difference between friendly cooperation and antagonistic rivalry is likely to be profound.\n\n**KEY TAKEAWAYS**\n\nThe regions beyond Earth contain a plethora of resources that would be of value both on Earth and in pursuit of human goals in terrestrial orbit and beyond. Harvestable **Extraterrestrial resources** include valuable minerals and resources for fuel, construction and sustenance for space-based communities, as well as solar energy. The **Orbital region** itself is also proving valuable as real estate, hosting ever more satellites that have increasing commercial and military significance. An area ripe for development is **Space manufacturing**, which could significantly reduce the cost and difficulty of space exploration and habitation, as well as providing means to manufacture items that are difficult or impossible to manufacture on Earth. The field of **Satellite innovation** is seeing significant progress, with an increasing number of agencies working on the ability to manoeuvre one satellite to inspect, refuel or even disable another. Some researchers in the field have expressed concern about the geopolitical implications of such developments."},"intro":{"text":"Our local region of space offers significant untapped resources: an unrivalled view of Earth, almost unlimited solar power, a high-quality vacuum and microgravity in abundance. For the more ambitious, there is the Moon, Mars and various near-Earth asteroids. Between them, these offer water ice, metals, building materials and real estate. "},"anticipatoryImpact":{"text":"Three fundamental questions guide GESDA’s mission and drive its work: Who are we, as humans? How can we all live together? How can we ensure the well-being of humankind and the sustainable future of our planet? We asked researchers from the field to anticipate what impact future breakthroughs could have on each of these dimensions. This wheel summarises their opinions when considering each of these questions, with a higher score indicating high anticipated impact, and vice versa.\n\n* Anticipated impact on who we are as humans\n* Anticipated impact on how we will all live together\n* Anticipated impact on the well-being of humankind and sustainable future of our planet"},"indicatorValues":[{"id":"65c55cf49e947c438698aaf8","value":"0.524","numericValue":0.524,"year":2024,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}},{"id":"68a689ef0ac1330579fd78d7","value":"0.5761","numericValue":0.5761,"year":2025,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}}],"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"anticipatoryImpactImage":{"image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/image-asset/psp-pl-3-25-3-4_image__PSP-PL3_25_3.4_isxvl3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760070298/gesda-platform/image-asset/psp-pl-3-25-3-4_image__PSP-PL3_25_3.4_isxvl3.webp"}},"embeds":{"citations":[{"id":"691a796ec0043bba84a9e4a3","slug":"2025-03-3-4-1","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/index.html","name":"NASA: Artemis","authors":[{"id":"65c55c9b9e947c4386989b6f","name":"NASA","slug":"nasa"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":1,"year":null},{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4a7","slug":"2025-03-3-4-2","url":"https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6812150/content.html","name":"International Lunar Research Station: Guide for Partnership","authors":[{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4a5","name":"China National Space Administration","slug":"china-national-space-administration"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"cnsa.gov.cn","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":2,"year":null},{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4a9","slug":"2025-03-3-4-3","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/iss-deorbit-analysis-summary.pdf","name":"International Space Station Deorbit Analysis Summary","authors":[{"id":"65c55c9b9e947c4386989b6f","name":"NASA","slug":"nasa"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":3,"year":null},{"id":"691a7970c0043bba84a9e4ad","slug":"2025-03-3-4-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6","name":"The Case for Space Environmentalism","authors":[{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4ab","name":"A. Lawrence et al.","slug":"a-lawrence-et-al"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"Nature","accessDate":null,"startPage":428,"volume":6,"footnoteNumber":4,"year":null}],"imageAssets":[]},"surveyObservations":{"text":"Earth’s **Orbital region** is the domain requiring the most global multilateral attention, given issues around the management of space debris and the proliferation of satellites and other orbiting objects. The exploitation of **Extraterrestrial resources** still requires sustained investments, research and technological development over the coming 20 years. Major advances will occur with relative certainty along the way, but the field will require strong, coordinated international action."},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B","darkValue":"#066152","veryDarkValue":"#02201b"},"banner":{"id":"6a924cf29d83c3b6c1485580","name":"\"Mayhem on the horizon\" by Nicolas BILLOT, University of Geneva","description":{"text":"\"Mayhem on the horizon\" by Nicolas BILLOT, University of Geneva"},"image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/banner/mayhem-on-the-horizon-by-nicolas-billot-university-of-geneva_image__22Mayhem_on_the_horizon_22_by_Nicolas_BILLOT_University_of_Geneva_ttymol","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1787972840/gesda-platform/banner/mayhem-on-the-horizon-by-nicolas-billot-university-of-geneva_image__22Mayhem_on_the_horizon_22_by_Nicolas_BILLOT_University_of_Geneva_ttymol.jpg","thumbnails":{"mainBanner":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_1440/v1787972840/gesda-platform/banner/mayhem-on-the-horizon-by-nicolas-billot-university-of-geneva_image__22Mayhem_on_the_horizon_22_by_Nicolas_BILLOT_University_of_Geneva_ttymol.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_2880/v1787972840/gesda-platform/banner/mayhem-on-the-horizon-by-nicolas-billot-university-of-geneva_image__22Mayhem_on_the_horizon_22_by_Nicolas_BILLOT_University_of_Geneva_ttymol.jpg"}}}},"chartImage":{"id":"65c55cee9e947c438698a965","slug":"chart-3-4-space-resources","image":{"id":"image_gesda-22/image-asset/chart-3-4-space-resources_image__TRR-3_4-TBC-01","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668986391/gesda-22/image-asset/chart-3-4-space-resources_image__TRR-3_4-TBC-01.png","url2x":null}},"citations":[{"__typename":"Platform_Citation","_schema":{"label":"Citation","pluralLabel":"Citations"},"typeLabel":"Web page","slug":"2025-03-3-4-1","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/index.html","name":"NASA: Artemis","authors":[{"id":"65c55c9b9e947c4386989b6f","name":"NASA","slug":"nasa"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":1,"year":null},{"__typename":"Platform_Citation","_schema":{"label":"Citation","pluralLabel":"Citations"},"typeLabel":"Report","slug":"2025-03-3-4-2","url":"https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6812150/content.html","name":"International Lunar Research Station: Guide for Partnership","authors":[{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4a5","name":"China National Space Administration","slug":"china-national-space-administration"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"cnsa.gov.cn","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":2,"year":null},{"__typename":"Platform_Citation","_schema":{"label":"Citation","pluralLabel":"Citations"},"typeLabel":"Report","slug":"2025-03-3-4-3","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/iss-deorbit-analysis-summary.pdf","name":"International Space Station Deorbit Analysis Summary","authors":[{"id":"65c55c9b9e947c4386989b6f","name":"NASA","slug":"nasa"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":3,"year":null},{"__typename":"Platform_Citation","_schema":{"label":"Citation","pluralLabel":"Citations"},"typeLabel":"Journal","slug":"2025-03-3-4-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6","name":"The Case for Space Environmentalism","authors":[{"id":"691a796fc0043bba84a9e4ab","name":"A. Lawrence et al.","slug":"a-lawrence-et-al"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"Nature","accessDate":null,"startPage":428,"volume":6,"footnoteNumber":4,"year":null}],"subTopics":[{"id":"68b042991dec39db691bdc1e","name":"Extraterrestrial resources","path":"/sub-topics/extraterrestrial-resources","outlineNumber":"3.4.1","slug":"extraterrestrial-resources","__typename":"Platform_SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","value":"#68AE9B"},"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","slug":"orbital-environment","path":"/topics/orbital-environment"},"intro":{"text":"The resources available in space divide broadly into two categories: those that can be used to support in-space activities and those that can eventually be brought back to Earth."},"description":{"text":"[5](/citation/2025-03-3-4-5/) Most of the near-term opportunities involve using resources in situ, with Moon exploration set to become a significant driver of science and technology in this area. \n\nOperating on the Moon will require locally produced resources, such as water extracted from ice at the lunar poles. This can be broken down into oxygen and hydrogen for propellant and life support, and the first pilot mission to demonstrate this capability will be an important milestone. Characterising the make-up of the regolith and the ice it contains will be an important early goal for these missions. \n\nNear-Earth asteroids are a more distant potential source of precious metals, ores and ices. But the huge cost of such missions is a significant stumbling block.\n\nIn 2023, the Space Solar Power Demonstrator (SSPD-1) satellite demonstrated that solar power could be harvested in space and beamed to Earth in the form of microwaves. Future challenges include expanding panels to the kilometre scale.[6](/citation/2025-03-3-4-6/) \n\nA different kind of resource is found on the far side of the Moon: a unique radio silence that astronomers hope will give them access to clear signals from elsewhere in the universe."},"anticipationScores":{"text":""},"anticipationScoresImage":{"id":"68e8a1c663d1c853e9788cc9","image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-1-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.1_sub_anti_2026_ntb1su","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760076211/gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-1-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.1_sub_anti_2026_ntb1su.webp","url2x":null,"width":1200,"height":1200}},"horizons":[{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b0422a1dec39db691bdc07","name":"Moon landings trigger public debate on lunar resources","slug":"moon-landings-trigger-public-debate-on-lunar-resources","intro":{"text":"Moon landings trigger public debate on lunar resources"},"description":{"text":"Decommissioning the International Space Station encourages competition among companies from the US, Japan and China to offer research and manufacturing facilities in orbit. NASA’s Artemis programme and commercial landers increase global interest in the Moon, with missions demonstrating the first extraction of water and metals from the lunar surface. This work drives an international debate on how best to make use of the Moon’s resources and to spread the benefits across all humanity while preserving the lunar environment for future generations. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89a","name":"5-year horizon","slug":"5-year-horizon","years":5,"title":"5-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b042471dec39db691bdc0c","name":"In-orbit manufacturing comes of age","slug":"in-orbit-manufacturing-comes-of-age","intro":{"text":"In-orbit manufacturing comes of age"},"description":{"text":"Space-based manufacturing becomes possible[7](/citation/2025-03-3-4-7/) with the growing resources available at space stations in low Earth orbit. The first demonstrations of continuous transmission of solar power from orbit to Earth provide valuable momentum for net-zero efforts, driven particularly by countries like Japan that have limited terrestrial resources of their own. But the cost of the enterprise raises questions about the ability to scale production to levels that will have significant impact."},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89b","name":"10-year horizon","slug":"10-year-horizon","years":10,"title":"10-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-7","url":"https://www.factoriesinspace.com","name":"In-Space Manufacturing & Space Economy","authors":[{"id":"691a7971c0043bba84a9e4b3","name":"E. Kulu"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"factoriesinspace.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":7,"year":null}]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b042941dec39db691bdc19","name":"The Moon becomes the gateway to the solar system","slug":"the-moon-becomes-the-gateway-to-the-solar-system","intro":{"text":"The Moon becomes the gateway to the solar system"},"description":{"text":"Lunar mining facilities begin to continuously produce propellant, metals and building materials on a usable scale. This paves the way for a lunar base that is a self-supporting manufacturing facility for beyond-Earth space exploration. At the same time, lunar orbiting facilities such as space stations become key hubs in the networks of travel, manufacturing and tourism. Much of this is enabled by a lunar communication network and formal lunar governance and policy developed by international diplomacy."},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89c","name":"25-year horizon","slug":"25-year-horizon","years":25,"title":"25-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}}],"indicatorValues":[{"id":"68ede30faf9e6d6d63270fbe","value":"0.650","numericValue":0.65,"year":2025,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}}],"embeds":{"citations":[{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-5","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ger-supplement-update-2022-final-10-6-22_tagged.pdf","name":"The Global Exploration Roadmap Supplement","authors":[{"name":"NASA"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":5,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-6","url":"https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/space-solar-power-project-ends-first-in-space-mission-with-successes-and-lessons","name":"Space Solar Power Project Ends First In-Space Mission with Successes and Lessons","authors":[{"name":"Caltech"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"caltech.edu","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":6,"year":null}],"imageAssets":[]}},{"id":"68b044761dec39db691bdc53","name":"Orbital region","path":"/sub-topics/orbital-region","outlineNumber":"3.4.2","slug":"orbital-region","__typename":"Platform_SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","value":"#68AE9B"},"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","slug":"orbital-environment","path":"/topics/orbital-environment"},"intro":{"text":"The orbital region around Earth is a resource of growing importance and strategic value, largely because cheap commercial launchers have made access easier. "},"description":{"text":"Humanity uses this environment as a viewing platform from which it can observe the Earth and the universe, as a thoroughfare for spacecraft, and as a home for satellites. Satellites provide commercial services such as telecommunications and Earth observation, civic services such as climate studies, and weather-monitoring and military services such as intelligence-gathering and both offensive and defensive operations. \n\nNation states have already begun to increase resources devoted to protecting, inspecting and destroying assets in space.[8](/citation/2025-03-3-4-8/) The weaponisation of space is increasing tensions and raising the stakes for space-related diplomacy.[9](/citation/2025-03-3-4-9/) \n\nOvercrowding is likely to become an important issue, particularly in areas of special interest, such as Lagrange points and low Earth orbit. But the prospects of “Kessler Syndrome”, in which a chain reaction of collisions increases debris levels exponentially, will drop as operators remove the large pieces of debris, like defunct satellites and spent rocket stages, that are the greatest threat. Various companies and agencies are already developing debris-removal capabilities. Space tugs that can move satellites have already been demonstrated, and the European Space Agency plans to demonstrate the safe removal of a large piece of debris with its Clearspace-1 satellite,[10](/citation/2025-03-3-4-10/) due for launch in 2026.\n\nHow this orbital hygiene will be organised is not clear, but there are calls for a better form of space traffic control to reduce the chance of accidents, for the planned clean-up of space debris and for an appropriate legal environment to resolve disputes."},"anticipationScores":{"text":""},"anticipationScoresImage":{"id":"68e8973163d1c853e9788c06","image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-2-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.2_sub_anti_2026_llpqum","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760073508/gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-2-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.2_sub_anti_2026_llpqum.webp","url2x":null,"width":1200,"height":1200}},"horizons":[{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b044241dec39db691bdc44","name":"In-orbit debris removal begins","slug":"in-orbit-debris-removal-begins","intro":{"text":"In-orbit debris removal begins"},"description":{"text":"Moving defunct spacecraft and deorbiting other large pieces of debris becomes common as commercial vehicles with these capabilities become available. But a lack of transparency over what objects are being moved where increases calls for a move towards global governance of space commons. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89a","name":"5-year horizon","slug":"5-year-horizon","years":5,"title":"5-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b044411dec39db691bdc49","name":"Debate over space weapons heats up","slug":"debate-over-space-weapons-heats-up","intro":{"text":"Debate over space weapons heats up"},"description":{"text":"Commercial activities in facilitating launch and returning objects like small pieces of debris from space dramatically increase the cadence of operations in orbit. Spaceplanes, space tugs and “free flyers” are commonplace."},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89b","name":"10-year horizon","slug":"10-year-horizon","years":10,"title":"10-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b044621dec39db691bdc4e","name":"Space traffic control gets green light","slug":"space-traffic-control-gets-green-light","intro":{"text":"Space traffic control gets green light"},"description":{"text":"The world’s space traffic control begins operating from Rwanda (a legacy of the Rwandan Space Agency’s long-standing role in space diplomacy). This real-time service coordinates on-demand launches to all destinations. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89c","name":"25-year horizon","slug":"25-year-horizon","years":25,"title":"25-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}}],"indicatorValues":[{"id":"68ede337af9e6d6d63270fc7","value":"0.560","numericValue":0.56,"year":2025,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}}],"embeds":{"citations":[{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-8","url":"https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN-0654/POST-PN-0654.pdf","name":"Defence of Space-Based Assets","authors":[{"name":"UK Parliament Post Note"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"parliament.uk","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":8,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-9","url":"https://swfound.org/media/207541/swf_global_counterspace_capabilities_2023_es_en.pdf","name":"Global Counterspace Capabilities","authors":[{"name":"Secure World Foundation"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"swfound.org","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":9,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-10","url":"https://clearspace.today/","name":"Pioneering Sustainability Beyond Earth","authors":[{"name":"ClearSpace"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"https://clearspace.today/","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":10,"year":null}],"imageAssets":[]}},{"id":"68b045151dec39db691bdc7f","name":"Space manufacturing","path":"/sub-topics/space-manufacturing","outlineNumber":"3.4.3","slug":"space-manufacturing","__typename":"Platform_SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","value":"#68AE9B"},"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","slug":"orbital-environment","path":"/topics/orbital-environment"},"intro":{"text":"Earth orbit is a region of microgravity, high-vacuum conditions and clean energy from the Sun. As such, it offers manufacturing industry a site that is conducive to producing high-purity components, experimenting with exotic manufacturing methods and even attempting to create substances that cannot be made on Earth."},"description":{"text":"For example, these conditions ought to allow for higher-quality versions of pharmaceuticals, metals or semiconductors that can outperform those made on Earth.[11](/citation/2025-03-3-4-11/) That should mean that large spare-part inventories for space-based operations will become a thing of the past.\n\nThe most important manufacturing limitation is the availability of power. A key enabler will be the availability of larger power sources both in orbit and on the Moon. Kilowatt power sources are expected in the next two to three years, but megawatts are needed for industrial-scale production. Finding ways to establish these is an important goal for space agencies and commercial operators such as Blue Origin. \n\nLarger power systems will enable the manufacture and construction of bigger structures like remote sensing antennas, the building blocks for human habitation modules and semiconductor fabrication.\n\nThe longer-term goal is to find ways to make use of resources on Mars and near-Earth asteroids, which may be accelerated by construction of a Moon base or the use of lunar water ice, which can be readily turned into oxygen and hydrogen for propulsion and life support."},"anticipationScores":{"text":""},"anticipationScoresImage":{"id":"68e89c9f63d1c853e9788c60","image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-3-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.3_sub_anti_2026_ucsnyv","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760074896/gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-3-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.3_sub_anti_2026_ucsnyv.webp","url2x":null,"width":1200,"height":1200}},"horizons":[{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b044df1dec39db691bdc6c","name":"Power boost for space manufacturing","slug":"power-boost-for-space-manufacturing","intro":{"text":"Power boost for space manufacturing"},"description":{"text":"The in-orbit construction of a replacement for the International Space Station and stations for Japan and China boosts manufacturing capabilities in low Earth orbit. The availability of kilowatt power systems in orbit and on the Moon kick-starts research and development of microgravity and low-gravity manufacturing techniques. This allows the prototyping of products and materials that are commercially viable. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89a","name":"5-year horizon","slug":"5-year-horizon","years":5,"title":"5-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b044f61dec39db691bdc71","name":"Construction of a new International Space Station begins","slug":"construction-of-a-new-international-space-station-begins","intro":{"text":"Construction of a new International Space Station begins"},"description":{"text":"With a clear business case for commercially viable materials, space manufacturing begins to scale up, aided by the construction of a kilometre-scale array to harvest solar power. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89b","name":"10-year horizon","slug":"10-year-horizon","years":10,"title":"10-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b0450e1dec39db691bdc76","name":"Lunar habitation approaches feasibility","slug":"lunar-habitation-approaches-feasibility","intro":{"text":"Lunar habitation approaches feasibility"},"description":{"text":"Moon- and Mars-based manufacturing of building materials, propellant and oxygen for life support leads to the prospect of self-supporting lunar habitation. Megawatt power supplies unlock a wide range of opportunities for lunar and orbital manufacturing, allowing space manufacturing to enter the supply chain. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89c","name":"25-year horizon","slug":"25-year-horizon","years":25,"title":"25-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}}],"indicatorValues":[{"id":"68ede351af9e6d6d63270fd0","value":"0.570","numericValue":0.57,"year":2025,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}}],"embeds":{"citations":[{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-11","url":"https://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/projects/space-policy/publications/A-Brief-History-of-Space-Traffic-Management","name":"Space Traffic Management","authors":[{"name":"Q. Verspieren"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"LSE Ideas","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":11,"year":null}],"imageAssets":[]}},{"id":"68b045b81dec39db691bdcaa","name":"Satellite innovation","path":"/sub-topics/satellite-innovation","outlineNumber":"3.4.4","slug":"satellite-innovation","__typename":"Platform_SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","value":"#68AE9B"},"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","slug":"orbital-environment","path":"/topics/orbital-environment"},"intro":{"text":"Giant networks of communications satellites are already a reality, with constellations belonging to SpaceX’s Starlink, Amazon’s Project Kuiper and Eutelsat OneWeb already in orbit and with others planned."},"description":{"text":"These fleets will quickly become more capable as companies deploy satellite-to-satellite encrypted laser communications. Real-time video feeds from space are also gaining in popularity.[12](/citation/2025-03-3-4-12/) \n\nWith launch costs dropping, satellite operators are experimenting with off-the-self components for imaging, sensing and communicating at lower cost. \n\nOne important limit on satellite lifetime is the amount of onboard fuel. With high-end satellites costing hundreds of millions, refuelling is an attractive way to extend lifetimes. Lockheed Martin[13](/citation/2025-03-3-4-13/) and Northrop Grumman[14](/citation/2025-03-3-4-14/) are among companies developing a standard refuelling capability for satellites. Orbit Fab has already tested liquid pumping technology aboard the International Space Station and plans to offer satellite-refuelling services in 2025.[15](/citation/2025-03-3-4-15/) This will require greater manoeuvrability: changing orbits and rendezvousing with other craft remains difficult, requiring plentiful fuel and agile propulsion systems.[16](/citation/2025-03-3-4-16/) \n\nHowever, the US, Russia and China  are perfecting this technique in spacecraft that can approach and inspect other vehicles.[17](/citation/2025-03-3-4-17/) This, is already enabling applications such as automated refuelling of spacecraft and dramatic increases in operational lifetimes. It also raises security concerns, as close approaches in orbit enable the disruption or even disabling of civil and military satellites.\n\nThe increased activity on the Moon and in lunar orbit will require a lunar time zone with satellites proving timing, positioning and communications. That will require significant collaboration to develop international standards"},"anticipationScores":{"text":""},"anticipationScoresImage":{"id":"68e89b8f63d1c853e9788c48","image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-4-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.4_sub_anti_2026_vczps3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760074622/gesda-platform/image-asset/3-4-4-sub-anti-2026_image__3.4.4_sub_anti_2026_vczps3.webp","url2x":null,"width":1200,"height":1200}},"horizons":[{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b045801dec39db691bdc93","name":"Satellite internet services become global","slug":"satellite-internet-services-become-global","intro":{"text":"Satellite internet services become global"},"description":{"text":"The competition among commercial companies to offer satellite broadband internet connections drives down the cost of connection and helps solve the long-standing problem of providing rural internet access, particularly in developing countries. International standards agreed for de-orbiting spacecraft at the end of their life. Safe communication with ground systems such as drones becomes common."},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89a","name":"5-year horizon","slug":"5-year-horizon","years":5,"title":"5-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b0459c1dec39db691bdc9c","name":"Satellite operations have geo-political impact","slug":"satellite-operations-have-geo-political-impact","intro":{"text":"Satellite operations have geo-political impact"},"description":{"text":"The geopolitical implications of satellite operations help drive innovation and focus efforts to govern and coordinate operations on an international level. Higher-resolution Earth observation becomes more capable and significantly cheaper."},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89b","name":"10-year horizon","slug":"10-year-horizon","years":10,"title":"10-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}},{"__typename":"Platform_Horizon","id":"68b045b41dec39db691bdca5","name":"Improved satellite manoeuvrability","slug":"improved-satellite-manoeuvrability","intro":{"text":"Improved satellite manoeuvrability"},"description":{"text":"Low Earth orbit becomes an attractive location for data centres because of the availability of cheap power and free cooling. However, international tensions over the deployment of space weapons and unauthorised interference with satellites raises the risk of Earth orbit becoming a region of warfare. Lunar operations lead to international standards for coordinate systems for timing, communications and above all safety. The establishment of these standards provides a foundation for a globally representative lunar community. "},"color":{"__typename":"Platform_Color","id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a319","name":"Green","slug":"green","value":"#68AE9B"},"type":{"__typename":"Platform_HorizonType","id":"65c55ce79e947c438698a89c","name":"25-year horizon","slug":"25-year-horizon","years":25,"title":"25-year","subtitle":"horizon"},"embeds":{"citations":[]}}],"indicatorValues":[{"id":"68ede36baf9e6d6d63270fd9","value":"0.530","numericValue":0.53,"year":2025,"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","title":null,"slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL","color":null}}],"embeds":{"citations":[{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-12","url":"https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/sen-launching-4k-live-stream-of-earth-from-the-iss-2024-03/","name":"Sen Launching 4K Live Stream of Earth from the ISS","authors":[{"name":"A. Williams"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"Electronicsweekly.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":12,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-13","url":"https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/features/2021/refueling-satellites-in-space.html","name":"Refueling Satellites in Space","authors":[{"name":"Lockheed Martin"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"lockheedmartin.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":13,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-14","url":"https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-satellite-refueling-technology-selected-as-first-preferred-refueling-solution-interface-standard-for-space-systems-command-ssc-6899294#","name":"Northrop Grumman Satellite-Refueling Technology Selected as First Preferred Refueling Solution Interface Standard for Space Systems Command (SSC)","authors":[{"name":"Northrop Grumman"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"northropgrumman.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":14,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-15","url":"https://www.orbitfab.com","name":"Refuel Your Spacecraft","authors":[{"name":"Orbit Fab"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"https://www.orbitfab.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":15,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-16","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/reference/jsc-rendezvous-prox-ops-docking-subsystems/","name":"Rendezvous, Proximity Operations & Docking Subsystems","authors":[{"name":"NASA"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"NASA.gov","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":16,"year":null},{"slug":"2025-03-3-4-17","url":"https://spacenews.com/leolabs-data-shows-on-orbit-maneuvers-by-russian-satellites/","name":"LeoLabs Data Shows On-Orbit Maneuvers by Russian Satellites’","authors":[{"name":"S. Erwin"}],"authorShowsEtAl":null,"edition":null,"publication":"spacenews.com","accessDate":null,"startPage":null,"volume":null,"footnoteNumber":17,"year":null}],"imageAssets":[]}}],"committeeMembers":[{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b09e","name":"Annette Fröhlich","slug":"annette-frohlich","position":"Global Expert","path":"/people/annette-frohlich","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"65c55d5b9e947c438698b7cd","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"66f5460d48837661683c5816","name":"Debbie Senesky","slug":"debbie-senesky","position":"Associate Professor in the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department  and the Electrical Engineering Department","path":"/people/debbie-senesky","badge":"2025","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f5462448837661683c581c","name":"Debbie Senesky||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"debbie-senesky-anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024"},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b105","name":"Fabio Favata","slug":"fabio-favata","position":"Global Expert","path":"/people/fabio-favata","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"65c55d5b9e947c438698b7ee","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment-1","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b12c","name":"Greg de Temmerman","slug":"greg-de-temmerman","position":"Global Expert","path":"/people/greg-de-temmerman","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"65c55d5b9e947c438698b7fa","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment-2","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b150","name":"Jan Wörner","slug":"jan-worner","position":"Former Expert","path":"/people/jan-worner","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"65c55d5b9e947c438698b807","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment-3","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"66f5443f48837661683c57e3","name":"Jean-Paul Kneib","slug":"jean-paul-kneib","position":"Academic Director of the EPFL Space Centre","path":"/people/jean-paul-kneib","badge":"2025","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f5443b48837661683c57dc","name":"Jean-Paul Kneib||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"jean-paul-kneib-anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024"},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b16e","name":"John Logsdon","slug":"john-logsdon","position":"Global Expert","path":"/people/john-logsdon","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"65c55d5b9e947c438698b815","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment-4","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"66f5438748837661683c57c8","name":"Kathryn Hadler","slug":"kathryn-hadler","position":"Director","path":"/people/kathryn-hadler","badge":"2025","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f5438248837661683c57c1","name":"Kathryn Hadler||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"kathryn-hadler-anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024"},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b1f3","name":"Patrick Michel","slug":"patrick-michel","position":"Senior Researcher","path":"/people/patrick-michel","badge":"2023","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f51f6548837661683c566f","name":"||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment-5","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"66f546dd48837661683c5848","name":"Vlada Stamenkovic ","slug":"vlada-stamenkovic","position":"Senior Director of Space Resources","path":"/people/vlada-stamenkovic","badge":"2025","color":{"value":"#68AE9B"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f546da48837661683c5841","name":"Vlada Stamenkovic ||Anticipation Committee Member|Orbital Environment","slug":"vlada-stamenkovic-anticipation-committee-member-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024"},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]}],"committeeChairs":[{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"65c55d249e947c438698b078","name":"Adriana Marais","slug":"adriana-marais","position":"Director","path":"/people/adriana-marais","openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/adriana-marais","title":"Adriana Marais","image":{"id":"image_gesda-22/person/adriana-marais_photo__Adriana_Marais_rtuigm","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668986891/gesda-22/person/adriana-marais_photo__Adriana_Marais_rtuigm.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"id":"thumbnails-card-file_gesda-22/person/adriana-marais_photo__Adriana_Marais_rtuigm","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1668986891/gesda-22/person/adriana-marais_photo__Adriana_Marais_rtuigm.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1668986891/gesda-22/person/adriana-marais_photo__Adriana_Marais_rtuigm.jpg"}}}},"organisation":{"id":"65c55d059e947c438698ac53","name":"Foundation for Space Development Africa","slug":"foundation-for-space-development-africa"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66de3876f351b77ed7d8e4ea","name":"Adriana Marais||Anticipation Committee Chair|Orbital Environment","slug":"adriana-marais-anticipation-committee-chair-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1ba336a8f2f336a557b5","name":"2022","slug":"2022"},{"id":"66ab1bac36a8f2f336a557ba","name":"2023","slug":"2023"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]},{"__typename":"Platform_Person","id":"66e0edb79a33e6de96c088c6","name":"Lindy Elkins-Tanton","slug":"lindy-elkins-tanton","position":"Foundation and Regents Professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration","path":"/people/lindy-elkins-tanton","openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/lindy-elkins-tanton","title":"Lindy Elkins-Tanton","image":{"id":"image_gesda-platform/person/lindy-elkins-tanton_photo__linda-elkins-tanton_lhhr1s","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1726016944/gesda-platform/person/lindy-elkins-tanton_photo__linda-elkins-tanton_lhhr1s.webp","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"id":"thumbnails-card-file_gesda-platform/person/lindy-elkins-tanton_photo__linda-elkins-tanton_lhhr1s","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1726016944/gesda-platform/person/lindy-elkins-tanton_photo__linda-elkins-tanton_lhhr1s.webp","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1726016944/gesda-platform/person/lindy-elkins-tanton_photo__linda-elkins-tanton_lhhr1s.webp"}}}},"organisation":{"id":"65c55d059e947c438698abfd","name":"Arizona State University","slug":"arizona-state-university"},"topicExpertise":[{"id":"66f51eea48837661683c5661","name":"Lindy Elkins-Tanton||Anticipation Committee Chair|Orbital Environment","slug":"lindy-elkins-tanton-anticipation-committee-chair-orbital-environment","editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024"},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025"}],"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be"}}]}]}}},"pageContext":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7be","name":"Orbital Environment","slug":"orbital-environment","entityPath":"/topics/orbital-environment","entityTypeName":"Topic","__type":"Topic"}},
    "staticQueryHashes": ["1044227382","1071300789","1158597448","1242646999","1427075558","1452322194","1520036161","1586309863","1606754935","1734835243","1816168740","1903214493","1989845544","2034981229","2097402925","2181044613","239250450","2409034939","2463401854","2612382444","2862279633","2910164142","2912920178","2955142335","3005265507","3073584486","3124191253","3172506128","3320076387","3624873332","364221563","3665990662","3692255024","3778988535","3782604890","4091857177","4216505212","701411134","758936535","881103158"]}